Humic acid is one of the major components of humic substances which are dark brown and major constituents of soil organic matter humus that contributes to soil chemical and physical quality and are also precursors of some fossil fuels. They can also be found in peat, coal, many upland streams, dystrophic lakes and ocean water.
Humic substances make up a large portion of the dark matter in humus and consist of heterogeneous mixtures of small-size molecules which arise from the biological transformation of dead cells and mutually associate in a supramolecular structure, that can be separated in their small molecular components by chemical fractionation. Humic molecules are held together in supramolecular conformations by weak hydrophobic bonds at neutral and alkaline pH and also by Hydrogen-bonds at low pH.
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